ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>In order to understand the normal physical growth of Chinese children, data of children aged from 0 to 7 years from urban and rural areas of nine Chinese cities in 2005 were analyzed.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The original data of height and weight were drawn into growth curves charts by Graphpad Prism 5.0 software according to the different age groups. The children were classified into five age groups: 0-3 months, 4-6 months, 7-12 months, 13-24 months, and 2-7 years.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average birth weight was 3.3 kg and the height averaged 50 cm. The average monthly weight gain was 1.0-1.2 kg and the average monthly increase of height was 4 cm in the 0-3 months group. By 3 months of age, the weight and height averaged 6.6 kg and 62 cm, respectively. In the 4-6 months group, the growth rate was reduced to a half of the 0-3 months group, with an average monthly weight and height gain was 0.5-0.6 kg and 2 cm respectively. The growth rate in the 7-2 months group was a half of the 4-6 months group. By 12 months of age, the weight and height average 9.9 kg and 75 cm, respectively. The average monthly weight and height gain in the 13-24 months group was 0.2 kg and 1 cm respectively, with an average weight and height of 12 kg and 87 cm respectively by 24 months of age. A steady growth was found in the 2-7 years group, with a yearly average weight and height increment of about 2 kg and 7 cm respectively. The formulas for approximate average weight and height in children between 2 and 7 years were as follows: age (yr)*2+8 (kg) (weight); age (yr)*7+75 (cm) (height).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The approximate weight and height of normal Chinese children under 7 years of age can be evaluated by the key parameters and formulas above mentioned.</p>
Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Body Height , Body Weight , China , MathematicsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the bronchodilating effect of RR-formoterol (RR-FMT) with that of racemic formoterol (rac-FMT) on human bronchus.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Human bronchial spiral strips (2 - 4 mm internal diameter,15 mm length) were suspended in tissue baths under resting tension of 1.0 g. The changes of tension induced by RR-FMT and rac-FMT(10 pmol x L(-1) - 3.2 micromol x L(-1)) in a cumulative concentration manner were studied under resting tension conditions or precontraction with carbamylcholine (10 micromol x L(-1)) or histamine(100 micromol x L(-1)) in human bronchus.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The bronchodilating effect of RR-FMT was more potent than that of rac-FMT under resting condition(P<0.05). RR-FMT and rac-FMT reversed histamine or carbamylcholine-induced contraction, and the bronchodilating effect of RR-FMT was more potent than that of rac-FMT (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The bronchodilating effect of RR-FMT is more potent than that of rac-FMT in both the resting condition and carbamylcholine or histamine-induced contraction in human bronchus in vitro.</p>
Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Middle Aged , Bronchi , Physiology , Bronchodilator Agents , Pharmacology , Carbachol , Pharmacology , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Ethanolamines , Pharmacology , Formoterol Fumarate , Histamine , Pharmacology , In Vitro Techniques , StereoisomerismABSTRACT
<p><b>AIM</b>To investigate the effects of ischemic preconditioning on reperfusion injury of rat lung.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rat isolated lungs (n=8 in each group) were stabilized and perfused by Krebs-Henseleit solution on a modified langendorff perfusion apparatus. 36 wistar rats were divided into three groups: ischemic preconditioning group, ischemia/reperfusion group and control group. Mean pulmonary artery pressure, wet/dry ratio, pulmonary surfactant phospholipid and alveolar surface tension in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and electron microscope were detected.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The morphological changes of lung injury were alleviated in the preconditioning group under electron microscope. Wet/dry ratio, mean pulmonary artery pressure and SA/LA ratio were significantly lower in the preconditioning group after ischemic/reperfusion (P < 0.01). Total phospholipid and large aggregate in the BALF were significantly increased in the preconditioning group (P < 0.01). Small aggregate showed no change in three groups. Surfactant activity test showed that surface tension markedly decreased in IPC group (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These results indicates that ischemic preconditioning may have a protective effect in ischemic/reperfusion injuries lung by ameliorating the content and function of surfactant phospholipid.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Ischemic Preconditioning , Methods , Lung , Metabolism , Pathology , Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Proteins , Bodily Secretions , Rats, Wistar , Reperfusion InjuryABSTRACT
To lead students to think actively and develop their innovative abilities,we adopted approaches of self-study,question and answer teaching as well as presentation and discussion teaching,perfected teaching contents and system of basic experiments, formed comprehensive experiments and exploratory experiments,established excellent courseware and carried out network education constructed scientific and reasonable exam systems.These reforms are strong guarantees for cultivating high quality talents in the 21st century.